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What causes ADs?
Airworthiness Directives (ADs) are issued when an unsafe condition is found in an aircraft type, or when a design flaw could affect safety. For example, if a specific window model like the one in the Ryanair incident was found to have a manufacturing defect, an AD might be issued requiring all airlines to inspect or replace similar windows to prevent future failures.
Stories that explain this
Ryanair passenger offered rebooking after window incidentQuestions this opens up
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