Explained in plain English

What's been invoked before?

Article 5, NATO's collective defence clause, has only been formally invoked once. This happened after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001. All NATO members then provided support, demonstrating the 'one for all, all for one' principle that Trump seems to be questioning with his demands for loyalty over money.

Stories that explain this

Trump tells NATO allies he wants loyalty, not money

Related explainers

What is Article 5? What does Article 5 mean? Who benefits from transactions? What is collective defence? Which countries joined NATO recently? Who decides sanctions? Who decides to invoke it? What is economic warfare?

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