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Mosquitoes act as 'vectors', meaning they carry disease-causing parasites or viruses from one host to another. When an infected mosquito bites someone, it injects the pathogen into their bloodstream. In this story, the mosquitoes likely picked up the malaria parasite from an infected person, possibly on the plane, and then transmitted it to the airport workers.
Stories that explain this
Frankfurt airport worker dies from malaria, 5 others infected by plane-borne mosquitoes